Studi in vitro  Penghambat Enzim a-Glukosidase  Kapang Endofit Yang Berasosiasi Dengan  Tanaman Sirih Merah  (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)

Lilik Sulastri

doi:10.33096/jffi.v12i2.1250

Studi in vitro Penghambat Enzim a-Glukosidase Kapang Endofit Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Tanaman Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)

Lilik Sulastri

Abstract

Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti antiseptik, antidiabetes, antihipertensi, asam urat, batu ginjal dan kolesterol. Banyak hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapang endofit terbukti mampu melakukan bioproduksi untuk menghasilkan senyawa kimia seperti tanaman inangnya. Kapang endofit yang diisolasi dari batang sirih merah dengan kode B.Pc.1F difermentasi dalam media Potato Dextro Broth (PDB) selama 12 hari dapat menghasilkan senyawa kimia yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim α-glukosidase. Pengecekan pH menunjukkan bahwa isolat B.Pc.1F berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa kimia pada pH 4-6. Fraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom, SiO₂ [(i) n-heksan-etilasetat (20 : 1 ~ 1:1); (ii) kloroform-metanol [10:1 ~ 1:1] yang berdasarkan “Bioassay guided fractionation” memberikan isolat tunggal yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim a-glukosidase dengan nilai IC₅₀sebesar 32.52 ppm dan pembanding control positif akarbosa sebesar 19,24 ppm. Kemudian diidentifikasi kandungan kimianya dengan metode kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS) dan hasil menunjukkan bahwa isolat mengandung senyawa Shogaol (1), Asam palmitat (2), Vanicol (asam stearat) (3), dan eicosene (4).

Keywords

Sirih merah, Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., penghambat enzim α-glukosidase, mikroba endofit

References

Alam B, Lǐ J, Gě Q, Khan MA, Gōng J, Mehmood S, et al. Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa? Front Plant Sci. 2021;12(December):1–24.

Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang S, Wang J, Xie L, Ran Y, et al. Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant‐Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies. J Fungi. 2022;8(2).

Parfati N. Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). Media Pharm Indones. 2016;1(2):106–13.

Narayanan Z, Glick BR. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes. Microorganisms. 2022;10(10):1–18.

Singh VK, Kumar A. Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: Production, methods of analysis, and diverse pharmaceutical potential. Symbiosis [Internet]. 2023;90(2):111–25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-023-00925-9

Li JL, Sun X, Chen L, Guo LD. Community structure of endophytic fungi of four mangrove species in Southern China. Mycology [Internet]. 2016;7(4):180–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2016.1258439

Du W, Yao Z, Li J, Sun C, Xia J, Wang B, et al. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Securinega suffruticosa in the Yellow River Delta. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):1–18.

An C, Ma S, Shi X, Xue W, Liu C, Ding H. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from chloranthus japonicus sieb in Qinling Mountains, China. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):1–15.

Elfita E, Munawar M, Muharni M, Pratiwi G, Rahmadania R. A New Benzoyl Compound Isolated from the Endophytic Fungi of Kandis Gajah (Garcinia griffithii) and Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa). Makara J Sci. 2016;20(4):3–10.

Sulastri L, Simanjuntak P, Sumaryono W, Djamil R, Ardiaynto D, Abdillah S. Antidiabetic Formulation Development Based on Natural Materials As α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibitor. J Hunan Univ Nat Sci. 2022;49(1):228–38.

Ali SRM, Fradi AJ, Al-Aaraji AM. Effect of some physical factors on growth of five fungal species. Eur Acad Res. 2017;V(2):1069–78.

Ariani N, ; Kartika I ratna, ; Kurniadewi F. Uji Aktivitas Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase secara In Vitro dari Ekstrak Metanol Daun Cryptocarya densiflora Blume dan Fraksi-Fraksinya. J Ris Sains dan Kim Terap. 2017;7(November):1–6.

Jiao W, Sang Y, Wang X, Wang S. Effects of 6-Shogaol on Glucose Uptake and Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Caco-2 Cells. Foods. 2023;12(3).

Yi JK, Ryoo ZY, Ha JJ, Oh DY, Kim MO, Kim SH. Beneficial effects of 6-shogaol on hyperglycemia, islet morphology and apoptosis in some tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2019;11(1):1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0407-0

Siswadi S, Saragih GS. Phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br. AIP Conf Proc. 2021;2353(May 2021).

Cherigo L, Martínez-Luis S. α-Glucosidase inhibitor isolated from blechum pyramidatum. Nat Prod Commun. 2018;13(4):461–4.

Reeves V. A Diet Enriched in Stearic Acid Protects Against the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes in Leptin Receptor Deficient Mice (Db/Db). Theses and Dssertations-Physiology. 2012;3:114.

Keke CO, Nsofor WN, Kumabia FKR, Iloabuchi GC, Ejiofor JC, Osuagwu OL. GCMS and FTIR analysis of ethanol and methanol leave extract of Urena lobata (Caesar weed) for bioactive phytochemical constituents. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2023;13(1):99–115.