MODULASI RESPONS KECEMASAN DAN FUNGSI MOTORIK OLEH EKSTRAK Solanum torvum Sw.: STUDI IN VIVO BERBASIS ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, OPEN FIELD TEST, DAN UJI KOORDINASI MOTORIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56711/jifa.v18i1.1518Kata Kunci:
Ansietas, Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field Test, Rotarod, Solanum torvum Sw.Abstrak
Gangguan kecemasan (ansietas) merupakan salah satu kondisi psikiatri yang paling umum ditemukan di masyarakat global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, sehingga diperlukan eksplorasi bahan alam sebagai alternatif terapi yang lebih aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas ansiolitik ekstrak etanol buah Solanum torvum Sw. pada mencit jantan strain BALB/c serta menilai pengaruhnya terhadap fungsi koordinasi motorik. Mencit dibagi menjadi enam kelompok (n=3 per kelompok): kontrol normal (akuades), kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (Amitriptilin 25 mg/kgBB), serta kelompok dosis ekstrak 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif, sedangkan aktivitas ansiolitik diuji menggunakan metode Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) dengan parameter %OAE dan %TSOA, serta Open Field Test (OFT) dengan parameter waktu di zona tengah dan jumlah masuk zona tengah. Fungsi koordinasi motorik dinilai menggunakan uji rotarod dengan parameter latensi jatuh dan durasi terlama bertahan, dan data dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc Tukey. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid/steroid. Hasil uji EPM menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada parameter %OAE dan %TSOA pada kelompok dosis 400 mg/kgBB dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p < 0,05). Pada uji OFT, kelompok dosis 400 mg/kgBB menunjukkan peningkatan waktu di zona tengah (40,67 ± 4,73 detik) dan jumlah masuk zona tengah (11,67 ± 1,53) yang tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif Amitriptilin (p = 0,954). Uji rotarod mengonfirmasi bahwa seluruh dosis ekstrak tidak mengganggu koordinasi motorik, ditunjukkan oleh tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna pada latensi jatuh dan durasi terlama bertahan antar kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol normal (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol buah Solanum torvum Sw. dosis 400 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas ansiolitik yang setara dengan Amitriptilin tanpa mengganggu fungsi koordinasi motorik, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen ansiolitik alami yang aman, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan ukuran sampel lebih besar serta pengukuran biomarker untuk mengonfirmasi mekanisme molekuler yang mendasari efek tersebut.Referensi
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